Some well-known company program invests Yantai ground of 1.5 million yuan informatization project one hundred percent failed. This is the typical unsuccessful case of an exposure be publicitied. The author of the article, basically participate in one of people of the project, be in distressed, wrote down this to remember fact and reflection literary works, draw lessons from for business circles. / informatization risk -- arms defeat PDM/ to be opposite of unsuccessful case review Yantai some well-known company program invests ground of 1.5 million yuan informatization project one hundred percent to fail. This is the typical unsuccessful case of an exposure be publicitied. The author of the article, basically participate in one of people of the project, be in distressed, wrote down this to remember fact and reflection literary works, draw lessons from for business circles. In manufacturing industry, designing file, craft file is the source of business production information, also be the directive production, important basis that has cost accounting. These files should carry out strict examination on one hand flow, layer upon layer guard a pass, should producing management department, purchase department, job shops to wait to each link keep and be safeguarded on one hand, the routine of data file guidance that unites with assuring to use. Traditional business is the paper of to in an attempt to, paper such as craft card, forms for reporting statistics face file form is given priority to, as Cad technology gain ground, the wide application of Internet, the limitation of paper face file is more and more outstanding, below such setting, pdm(product Data Management) namely emerge as the times require of product data management information system. Pdm is born at the beginning of the 80 time of 20 centuries, include two much commonly, it is management and all product information that produce concerned section, namely the electronic data-base with unified enterprise, database includes construction of file of file of documentation of product standard, electron, Cad, craft, product, also include to if access attributive, inquiry and control of the attributive that browse to wait,run message; 2 it is to run the course related all sorts of technology files, include examine and verify, sign, be on the move, extend, change etc. The research of Pdm technology and application are compared in abroad general. Current, the Pdm software of global limits commercialization does not have below 100 kinds. Homebred Pdm system appeared the earliest 1998 about, to 2000 already more than 10 companies manufacture a function the version of each different, partial company begins to popularize. According to foreign data statistic, the application of Pdm can make products plan cycle shortens 25 ％ , reduce engineering design to revise 4 ％ , accelerate a product to put market plan on 50 ％ , 80 ％ , totle drilling cost cuts down 25 ％ above. Company of a few cars of abroad, aircraft improved the beneficial result of the enterprise greatly after executive Pdm system. Setting of project of Pdm of Yantai some company the group company that this company is whole set of equipment of automation of a production, company of D of the following abbreviation. To 2000, worker 3000 much people, have 8 products to develop service facilities department, technical management, production management, financial management be in by ministry of technology of group company subordinate, production ministry, craft, the function branch such as qualitative check point is responsible. Among them design, development and service are in charge of by career ministry; Data of management of responsible project project approving, standardization management, file runs technical department manufacturing ministry is in charge of planned dispatching and constituent production; Craft branch is in charge of design of examine and verify of craft document staff, craft, tool waiting; Quality branch is in charge of a product examining; Each production cent factory is in charge of treatment assembling. Wait to assure the standardization of the design and craft rationality, the main design of the enterprise develops flow to see a picture. Because this enterprise is with custom-built with small lot production is given priority to, need many blueprint to extend everyday, most a long time has more than 10000 pages one day, and archives branch needs to keep these blueprint, so that offer,be maintained and upgrade service. Manufacturing segment has 7, 8 branches want blueprint of custodial whole set, in order to satisfy the need that production organizes. The department of science and technology that responsible file data runs needs 10 much people to undertake blueprint scale, duplicate, cent check, fold extends and be revised safeguard. Management of process of a few application is more difficult, phenomenon of use mistake version has repeatedly happen, cause a large number of losses to production. In addition accumulation mountainous file, should take up much office space, disk wants fixed break, annual blueprint and disk charge are close 1 million yuan. And manufacturing branch, door of Ministry of Supply, financial department has 2 each even, 3 people are in charge of keeping the place that register requires a data, type blueprint data the system of the place artificially. So that do production plan, purchase plan, cost accounting to wait, manual operation workload big, efficiency is low, the error is much. View design branch and design staff again, because craft management, standardization management, project is examined and approve,wait for need to execute uniform standard to focus management, the company has each major engineer nearly 1000, distributing in different office building, different career ministry, some in apart 4 kilometers differ plant area, design a blueprint to want to file graph order to the division of science and technology first (assure uniqueness) , consult the classified code card that register and platform credit, return the design on office computer next, the blueprint that print, take blueprint to arrive again examine and verify of a few management department, sign. Blueprint is delivered, the 1 ／ that awaits the time that examine and verify signs to take design time 3; Information cannot be shared, each link can serial, cause do poorly done work over again to wait to wait, invalid repeating the duty factor with small effect to compare all is. The data runs a side, the muniment room that having hundred thousands of pieces of blueprint searchs a piece of blueprint, need a few minutes, this does not include distance and perform all sorts of procedure. Departmental data is revised often differ pace, return the disorder that can cause manufacturing government. Because this uses Pdm,systematic government product develops flow and documentation data to be thought to have very principal port and investment value. The technical personnel of ministry of science and technology offerred the course that the project carries out in March 2000 after Pdm project suggests, get the adoption of company leader, begin to collect a data, comprised research a group, panel member is main the technical personnel that is field of news of responsible standardization, network. 2000 3-7 month, inspected 5 Pdm manufacturers of domestic early or late, foreign company is in Beijing agency 4, listened to product introduction, watched demonstrate, the typical user that visited home to already was carried out 3. Although discover a few inadequacy, but short time is done impossibly know more than 10 functions the system of each different, can believe the conduct propaganda of software manufacturer and explanation more more only, think 78 always can choose an eligible vendor by good luck, will inspect a circumstance to write written report to company leader, get written reply to a subordinate body (the technology is immature industry, sometimes an eligible supplier does not have) . Later, always invest 1.5 million project to begin carry to do, include Pdm software system and safety of network of form a complete set, data to store a few parts. 2000 7, to Pdm development company will grant in November demand book, welcomed the investigation group of 6 domestic and international companies in succession, drafted the program plan of each software vendor, the preparation before finishing invite public bidding works. Finished an autograph to make an appointment with in January 2001, chose Pdm of a home to develop prior software business, this product is the industry product that some expert group recommends (although certain organization is recommended,also want vigilant) . Pdm plans half an year to carry out formerly period, cent level is checked and accept and pay software and executive cost. Advance inside a month that the autograph arranges cost of certain proportion software, executive cost 3 months are finished overall program and check and accept outline, the functional module of half the number finishs all function module to throw application through checking and accept 7 months, complete member groom, pay surplus money again. D company group established the project group that gives priority to with inspecting personnel, 3 months went software company group came 3 batches carry out personnel, basic it is the stuff that has experience of 3 years of two works only, because did not share work of early days communication, spent many time be in the push, the program that offer cannot be passed, to the 5th month the 4th batch of personnel are the first by an engineering department manager just calculate complete total plan, revised what the contract sets to check and accept deadline: Metaphase is checked and accept in October 2001 the middle ten days of a month, evening is checked and accept by December 2001 (total scheme should be finished by the personnel that has experience most, send however come primary engineer, overall program feasibility is hard to assure) . Await through 3 many months again, change early or late a few version, gave a certain number of patches, because carry out personnel not perfectness software, cannot the spot revises a system, can refer demand to development staff only, development work is invalid more, make mistake time and again, wasted a lot of time (if develop personnel to be able to enter the spot to will reduce these error, want to turn the system into actual application, need software engineer lives in the factory, or it is better to open software open software to applied enterprise, software engineer is passed secondhand the data comes development, blindness is too big) . Ask to fall for many times in D company, software square chief engineer takes a team to enter spot work a week, solved the problem that a few months did not solve before, opened the application on network of plan bugle call, inquiry, government eventually. Try out the inquiry on blueprint net, browse, the function such as Bom watch statistic, await D company to type data and file. The metaphase that set without the contract that finish in October 2001 checks and accept a target. Software company puts forward to modify a contract again, regard metaphase as to check and accept a target the part that already completed, put forward to pay the 2nd batch of contracts the money, do not continue to provide executive service otherwise (already forgot contract tie, break a contact is justifiable instead, ) of sincere letter crisis. Although right now form a complete set invests to be finished basically already, d company is faced with change the choice of software business or break down project, still reject to pay. Bilateral confidence begins to shake, be assigned personal responsibility for leads circumstance of plan of bother about project to decrease with each passing day, next enthusiasm acute are decreased on, software company real actual strength and intent already abundantly clear, the evadable that shifts tomorrow now can no more make a person believe. Software company basically carried out personnel abdication in December 2001, break down is offerred carry out. D him company organizes the data that finish to type the job, project group puts forward to enable the inquiry on blueprint net formally, browse, the module such as Bom watch statistic. In April 2002, another batch of executive personnel enter a company, rearrange early days works, sent version of a few tests early or late to half-baked part, use because of doing not have investment more relatively with systematic conflict (development management is apparently debatable, lack test link) . In May 2002, d company manages formal happening change, engineer abdication is added gradually much, the company leads a layer to change, of administration of be assigned personal responsibility for deputy always offer aggrandizement blueprint safety administration, strengthen confidential job, raise doubt to Pdm security, think Pdm is insecure, time-out is open use. Before long the company puts forward cut down the member of persons employed and wrap outside conformity of amalgamative career ministry, business and working flow conformity, production business (plan of the flow after conformity and software project plan have very big distinction, although carry out,also should edit afresh plan) . The engineer that system, safety was in charge of waiting in project group in June 2002 leaves D company, the group is main disintegrate. This company prepared formally to end a project in August 2002, cooperative both sides signs working memorandum. Heretofore, craft is designed (Capp) , design file and craft file data cooperate with, in coordination the module such as design and flow management is mixed actually from D company program program still difference is bigger, all did not achieve practical change (giant information is compositive blue print, became a castle in the air, waste) of person, money, content for nothing. The thinks over to carry out case process as system of D company Pdm participator to unsuccessful case, turn one's head the informatization project of this one failure, distressed, with respect to the risk that how answers informatization project brief summary is as follows, hope other numerous companies can be drawn lessons from. (One) strengthen project argumentation to make an on-the-spot investigation, argumentation is a project the first close. The element that influence software makes an on-the-spot investigation and proves is very much, do not add be on guard to be able to drop trap, get the verdict that gives a mistake. 1. Technology of administrative software system is sophisticated, not only drag in computer and software technology, and drag in is whole of business management flow recombine. Because business management personnel often is opposite,computer software development understands relatively less, add software new expression to emerge in endlessly, hunan is hard to make clear in short time. Software company to strive for a contract, also disregard degree of oneself software maturity, functional standard, function of aleatoric and exaggerated product. Promoting a method to be renovated ceaselessly is unconscious, 2 it is false, 3 it is to lure, 4 it is to blow, 5 it is to mix, often with expert appearance (it is computer expert not only, still be business management expert) have a well-thought-out plan, make you cannot be oppugned. The user just inspects personnel commonly, lack the engineering experience that runs information software, very sad this 5 action. Press argumentation of pure hardware project, inspect personnel to trot along on horseback view is beautiful, be hard to be competent in the mist in the cloud, although look,demonstrate, visiting manufacturer also is hard to judge. Some makes an on-the-spot investigation to the user, also be in software manufacturer " supervise below " undertake, or the design combines fraud. Invest bulk according to the project so, argumentation inspects part of one's job 3 paces: It is project personnel choose grooms, choose the administrator with those perfectness management, decent style to participate in really make an on-the-spot investigation, give them to want much study time than hardware project, collect a data extensively, analyse information dependability correctly, be like all sorts of informatization forum, magazine, attend concerned department meeting to wait, especially the experience after the enterprise is used, executive experience is worth to take seriously more. It is easy to sing paean, carry criticism to need to have courage. 2 it is project troop personnel sends an user spot study 1, 3 months, understanding software is true use a situation. 3 it is to hold to software business to offer try out edition, imitate learning environment is built in the enterprise, head worker study for interior, the function that makes the policymaker understands software adequately and use state. Advantageous to single-hearted collaboration both sides, refuse like manufacturer or defer, should decisive abandon, cannot the heart lives a fantasy. These 3 are indispensable, the time that spend a dot and charge are very essential, can avoid bigger risk. 2. Argumentation informatization itself changes namely, include working kind change, of division of labor change, the adjustment of attributive, balance advantages and disadvantages, must be a party to an undertaking is participated in, attend argumentation by branch of all project drag in, offer an opinion, make clear a function, do not make a gesture to give the impression of doing sth or read a report merely. To the preparation with following due and sufficient issue, otherwise not should mount a horse. (Whether is 1) leader willing to manage vitrification? If hope employee handles official bussiness in transparent house only, and oneself are not willing, won't do for certain. Examine and approve flow network, restrained a worker not only, also restrained oneself, cannot have exception everywhere. Due " personal place not desire, do not apply at the person " thought, a lot of unit informatization flow and data often should set exception to the leader, increased to develop fare already, make whole efficiency is reduced greatly again. (Whether did 2) gain and loss have clear preparation? Informatization is not is a flower, can bring efficiency already, also can bring a series of changing with sacrifice. In actual process, if the network is safe confidential problem, d company returns it administration assistant total leader, and drawing government puts in a technology 's charge assistant total leader, blueprint is used is to produce assistant total leader, advantages and disadvantages each are not identical. The file shares itself to design standardization, unified version namely, rise to design and use efficiency, design sectional satisfaction so, and from safe department point of view, do not share, each other are invisible the safest. Be efficiency after all important safe still and important? Whether does new safe pattern satisfy a requirement? Such problem cannot affirm beforehand, affect whole program and the judgement that the project invests value, because this project proves the thing that is project executive branch, use branch not only, the thing that affects the overall situation however, finish ability to be denied by safe branch or other department to the project otherwise, future trouble is boundless. The in changing profit that the enterprise should bring from software project, also want hasten benefit to avoid kill, and this a lot of problems are not executive personnel and technologist can of balance. (3) enterprise whether maintain business stability? Whether does the target function of informatization accord with company need, especially near future need? Informatization is technical issue not only, also be the problem of company strategy, define relatively steady flow and professional work, make its are standardized, standardize ability informatization only. Battalion of already of look forward to is not stabilized or flow is hard to standardize, informatization must be engaged in cautiously. (2) make scientific and reasonable target 1. The target wants to make clear. All the different kind all inferior, only applicable tall, beautiful frame work does not have any meanings. Cannot the target is too big, want to have level sex, solve main problem only, solve the link that can bring the result most only, main function module does not exceed 3, reduce investment thereby, reduce a risk, raise dependability. Should mass minitary force, from the field hand that can bring benefit most, work to hand in together. If need to increase scope really, also want to distribute the item into a certain number of phase, every phase fulfils 3 two functions, cycle does not exceed 3 months. Otherwise intermittence, duplicate work in great quantities, time is too long, leader and executive personnel enthusiasm are reduced, team slack. Current business management and software company standard, can finish every months medium or small the application of module already was belonged to quite successful. Should examine through all sorts of true conditions need is certain and periodic. Domestic informatization does the business that has gotten, it is successive, accumulate over a long period, some is only from send email to begin, have a plenty of begin from Cad, some begins from financial software application. Be eager to informatization of hope for success, desire fast and do not amount to. 2. Problem of informatization Gu island, not terrible, also be inevitable. The system is compositive it is opposite, its range and limits also are constant change, basically two respects affect a decision, it is enterprise oneself manages state, industry to adjust, the organization changes wait for an influence, 2 it is the influence that software technology changes at full speed. Informatization is advanced should resemble becoming surgical operation same, the target is specific, is not 10 fill greatly completely. To rise compositive degree, doing one pace to reach the designated position is not actual, build shoe the goose of a bare outline. Manage facility of change, workshop as the enterprise, want to be adjusted newlier ceaselessly, it is very normal phenomenon. Administrative system is not exceptional also, a software can be used 3, 5 years already sufficient already, software should pay fair price newlier also is inevitable. Processing of old in the enterprise updating equipment, old foundation should be demolished is normal phenomenon. New facility can use old foundation, but administrative software is probable different, because rate of application software standardization is low, the likelihood of compatible crossing-over is almost 0. 3. Benefit is evaluated. Execute invite public bidding to bid for the most part as a result of software project mode, below the pressure of intense competition, software manufacturer, often exaggerate software function, exaggerated economic benefits, indulge the unreasonable requirement of the user, its purpose is to take a contract to be a principle first. Adopt the measure that pushs 2 in executive process, the limits of contractible project. Before invite public bidding omnipotent, signing contract hind is difficult everywhere. With the author see, because software firm is hard to understand company condition adequately, the enterprise also is hard to digest application in short time to software, include measure of a series of form a complete set to be hard to catch up with, the benefit that software can bring truly can be the half of software function only, the cycle that software carries out is manufacturer commonly double what put forward cycle, and do not be less than 1 year. Software carries out charge to also want more than one times. Fix project value bottom line according to this standard, again clappers, the program that cannot make through software manufacturer or the analysis that do decide its use value and benefit. If calculate,come down to should abandon without benefit. Enterprise informatization is not get effect instantly, also not be the panacea that saves a company, informatization is Shuang Renjian. Unsuccessful informatization, also be waste man power and money, turn the company to fiery pit, domestic and international hundred thousands of, millions of, the unsuccessful case of a few ten million is not rarely seen. Because the evaluation of this benefit considers periodic, successful probability even,wait. (3) software type selecting should is short of rather not excessive 1. Software type selecting should value demand and market. Above all the actor bad that software type selecting should not be aimed at each software function to go up, more or less to undertake comparative. Press the demand of this enterprise important rate sort first, according to before sort 3 type selecting. The 2nd should see software firm can fulfil what function, should make clear particularly had finished and the software of investment application. The function with can be satisfied the requirement, most mature most is best. To enlarge contract specified amount, receive a contract, software firm often depicts a very moving blue print and conception, but the product that thinks of qualification from good form actually needs long years and mint investment, blame accomplish in one move, use an eligible product to production to still have long way actually. Although actual strength is preeminent Microsoft, old product updates a version to often return need 2 years, meantime has even all sorts of " patch " . Our country miniature is small-sized software company, should be in half an year or turn grandiose blueprint into one year the product, it is an incredible story undoubtedly. The user goes after such informatization is for certain " court death " . 2. Software type selecting should take product quality seriously, cannot be to choose actor quite solely, and due bottom line standard, be short of rather not excessive. Industry of our country software is relatively lagging, manage sexual software to develop, manual mill is more, dimensions slants small, software company often lacks test tool and flow, left applied company test job, in using, measure, edge application edge is revised, perpetual, the industry is entire unqualified product is not scarce, "Enroll only outstanding people " be no good. Answer to choose mature software or mature module only. A lot of software companies to increase sale, develop the many functions product of ego form a complete set or module, a few module is only mature, other module is poorer, not mature, but catered to those blind pursuit compositive spent company, be pleasant to the eye actually so lumpish, use loophole 100, a lot of software installation discover a lot of problems before long, new version, new patch is forever expectation. As the experiment cycle is lengthened and content expands, the problem emerges in endlessly, be in a dilemma. 3. Want the test report of authoritative branch, without the test the report is taken no account of. During software business offers the try out of try out edition, answer basic function of product. Have a test, discover issue of two 3 department should not consider to choose namely. General hardware product has a main index unqualified can return money. The product of full proof of mistake of two 3 place of software pledges the quantity has a problem, also explain the enterprise develops ability, government ability to wait at the same time finite. Large informatization project, unlike construction project, former and general have a few years only or ten years of histories, latter has history of thousands of years; Informatization drag in is organization and person, influencing factor is much, theory is in qualitative research phase merely, be in the process that fumbles ceaselessly, under photograph comparing, construction project all sorts of theory are already mature, quantitative analysis has gained ground, even so, of bldg. " bean curd broken bits " project also common occurance, had not formed system of manage of informatization project standardization, inspect, management truly what is more,the rather that. Below this kind of circumstance, software project should be strengthened more be on guard. 4. Software type selecting does not want follow the fashion. New-style software does not have use value without development application of 35 years, can pay the tuition fee for nothing to software company only otherwise. To product of a few new-style software, enterprise informatization should adopt the strategy of win by striking only after the enemy had struck, not only small, cost also can reduce the risk greatly. Should " look, 2 slow, 3 through " , if the product is in,the market cannot be used blindly without 35 years. Can listen the first year only, look just, gather information, can talk the 2nd year slowly, walk out of the 3rd year, observe to dogging into result user, again Chi Yinian again follow-up is to be on guard the best strategy of the risk, can not affect an enterprise to develop, although foreign software also returns the problem that has the problem that whether fits national condition, executive service, also need this course euqally. A lot of our country software enterprise often crash, a few months can come out new product, pdm, Scm, Erp can go out between one night almost a certain number of planting etc. What does give newly, fry make a concept, its content is software of simple clone west nevertheless, do only even demonstrate piece, the user needs other basis custom-built, match a few doctors again, more adjacent at making imperial new clothing. In the environment of weakness of measure of market legal system, congenial accrual is more than regular management income, the spec makes management important instrument, enterprise of the user below such setting should have the consciousness that ego protects and wisdom more. (4) take level of software business management seriously to make an on-the-spot investigation 1. Software quality of enterprise is the assurance of software quality, a lot of software company staff are not stable, like a lantern with paper cut figures of men, and executive personnel responsibility is not clear, business quality is inferior. Give D company executive software company, in executive process of a year, changed early or late 5, 6 people, begin afresh every time, a lot of executive personnel still are inferior to business working personnel to the understanding of software, be in handle state apparently. Software develops management not to reach the designated position, the function that has used, changing cannot use after version, standard of data of new old version is skimble-scamble, algorithm is skimble-scamble, outcome of different version output is different, common occurance, bring tremendous difficulty to company application. Because of company of this pair of software make an on-the-spot investigation, see scale not only, treat personnel flow condition even, guard manages. If job of staff of a company is 3 years two, want commonly some more careful. Education of software development, executive talent cannot pass school batch to produce, engineering experience needs to accumulate, did not accumulate cannot become an expert, be like fructification to use personnel is doctor of new finish school, Master, affirmation is slippery, new graduate has liquidity more. Contrary, if software company develops personnel, executive personnel to have good hierarchy, have be engaged in this business working the senior staff of 10 the coming year, have work in the company 5, intermediate personnel of 6 years, have the instructed persons that works 3 years two, explain company business is stable, management reachs the designated position, intellectual experience can be transferred smoothly commonly, should not consider otherwise. 2. Risk of system of software business company. A lot of software companies are hanged rely on some institution, belong to contract property, this wants to be treated cautiously, careless station team, congenial sense is stronger. Because software develops a service to rely on the person's knowledge, experience completely, intellectual content is high, personnel may happen at any time " coup " , " dissension " reach flow. Safeguard of quality of project project time limit for a project, service is hard to cash more. 3. Enterprise must company of better tie software. It is the contract should make clear new version test to assure a clause, bear the loss that brings from this by software manufacturer. 2 should carry out inspect manage to make. 3 should build a risk to assure make, a lot of power company projects ask to tripartite assures, do not use otherwise. 4 it is to raise ego to develop ability, own or joint development, have successful case domestic and internationally. Besides above speak of when besides, to ensure informatization project is successful, still be necessary to build special project to carry out the office and lab, responsible project is overall and harmonious, project controller should leader of directly under industry. And the influence that must value enterprise oneself to if change divides the work to wait inside personnel change, management state change, organization,change in the process of informatization takes corresponding the way to deal with a situation in time. <script Src="/ad/1125/in. Js"></script> CNC Milling
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