Machining method

3, 1.

6 μ M. When fine vehicle, can amount to IT6, IT5, surface roughness can be amounted to 0.

4, 0.

1 μ M. The productivity of turning is taller, cutting process is smoother, cutting tool is simpler. 2, milling advocate the whirl that cutting motion is cutting tool. Lie when mill, planar formation is by milling cutter outside the blade on garden face forms. When establishing mill, plane is formed by the end panel blade of milling cutter. The rotate speed that increases milling cutter can achieve higher cutting rate, productivity is accordingly taller. But as a result of milling cutter tooth cut, cut, form concussion, cutting process produces vibration easily, restricted exterior quality consequently rise. This kind of concussion, also aggravate of cutting tool wear away and damaged, often bring about the disintegrate of hard alloy razor blade. Cutting the average time that leaves work inside, can get certain refrigeration, it is better to because this comes loose,heat up a condition. According to milling when advocate of athletic speed direction and workpiece feed direction identical or contrary, divide again to arrange mill He Nixi. The feed way of the horizontal component of force of force of suitable mill milling and workpiece is same, work station has clearance to exist commonly between feed guide screw and fixed nut, because this cutting force causes workpiece and workbench easily one case,forward change is moved, make feed increases suddenly, cause dozen of knife. When the surface such as milling cast or forging has the work of hardness, suitable mill tooth contacts workpiece above all crustaceous, aggravate of milling cutter wear away. The change that when going against mill to be able to avoid to arrange mill, produces uses an appearance. When going against mill, cutting ply from 0 begin to increase gradually, consequently edge began to experience a paragraph to be in of cutting sclerosis already machined apparently the phase that extruding glides, quickened cutting tool wear away. In the meantime, when going against mill, milling force will carry on workpiece, easy cause vibration, this is the adverse place that goes against mill. The treatment precision of milling can amount to IT8 commonly, IT7, exterior surface roughness is 6.

3, 1.

6 μ M. Common milling can machine plane only commonly, with figuration milling cutter also can machine a fixed curved surface. CNC Milling can pass numerical control system to control a few axes to press particular concern linkage with software, mill gives complex curved surface to come, use ball head milling cutter commonly at this moment. The modular core of the lamina with mechanical to machining impeller CNC Milling, mould and model the workpiece with the complex form such as antrum, have particularly important sense. 3, when dig cuts dig, the move back and forth of cutting tool moves point-blank for cutting advocate motion. Accordingly, dig cuts rate too cannot tall, productivity is inferior. Dig is cut smoother than milling, its machine precision to be able to amount to IT8 commonly, IT7, exterior surface roughness is Ra6.

3, 1.

6 μ M, flatness of dig of essence of life can be amounted to 0.

02/1000, exterior surface roughness is 0.

8, 0.

4 μ M. Grinding of nextpage4, grinding is ground with emery wheel or other provide pair of workpiece to undertake machining, its advocate the whirl that motion is emery wheel. The grinding process of emery wheel is to grind a cutting to workpiece surface actually, quarter cut and slip the integrated effect that brushs 3 kinds of action. In grinding, the itself that wear bead also is ground gradually by acuteness blunt, make cutting action becomes poor, cutting force greatens. When cutting force exceeds adhesive intensity, the circle grinds bead dully to fall off, show to wear bead newly, those who form emery wheel " from acute sex " . But cut bits and broken grind bead to still be met emery wheel block. Consequently, grinding is certain after time, need to wait to undertake nap to emery wheel with diamond lathe tool. When grinding, because where a thing can be put to best use is very much, smooth, precision is tall when be being machined so. Grinder is finish machining machine tool, grinding precision can amount to IT6, IT4, ra can amount to exterior surface roughness 1.

25, 0.

01 μ M, can amount to even 0.

1, 0.

008 μ M. The another characteristic of grinding is OK hard to temper by dipping in water metal data undertakes machining. Accordingly, often regard final treatment as working procedure. When grinding, generation quantity of heat is big, need to sufficient cutting fluid undertakes cooling. Differ by the function, grinding still can divide the garden outside be to grind, inside aperture is ground, plane abrasion. 5, auger cut go up in drilling machine with boring, rotate with broach auger cut hole, it is the most commonly used method that Kong Jia is versed in. Get cut treatment precision is inferior, can achieve IT10 only commonly, exterior surface roughness is commonly 12.

5, 6.

3 μ M is being gotten reaming and Konglai of bore with a reamer often are used to have semifinishing machining and precision work after cutting. Reaming uses reamer, aperture of bore with a reamer uses reamer to undertake machining. Bore with a reamer cuts treatment precision to be IT9 commonly, IT6, exterior surface roughness is Ra1.

6, 0.

4 μ M. When aperture of reaming, bore with a reamer, broach, reamer is general the axes down primary bottom outlet, cannot raise the positional precision of aperture. It is OK to bore hole the position of calibration aperture. Bore hole can go up in boring machine or undertake on lathe. When boring hole on boring machine, boring tool is main as identical as lathe tool, different point is workpiece is not moved, boring cutter is rotating. Bore hole treatment precision is IT9 commonly, IT7, exterior surface roughness is Ra6.

3, 0.

8mm. Auger cut treatment boring machine to machine lathe 6, method of treatment of tooth flank of gear of tooth flank treatment can divide it is two kinds big: Figuration law and extend a law. Figuration law machines the machine tool that tooth flank place uses to be average milling machine commonly, cutting tool is figuration milling cutter, need exercise of two simple figuration: The whirligig of cutting tool and linear shift. Exhibit the commonly used machine tool that machines tooth flank into the law to the gear-hobbing machine, machine that insert tine waits. 7, the cutting treatment that complex curved surface machines three-dimensional curved surface, the method that basically uses profile modeling mill and numerical control mill or non-traditional machining method (see this red-letter day 8) . Profile modeling mill must have prototype to serve as profiling. Head of profile modeling of head of the ball in treatment, contact archetypal curved surface with constant pressure all the time. The athletic commutation of profile modeling head is inductance quantity, treatment enlarge controls milling machine the motion of 3 axes, form the contrail that curved surface of knife head edge moves. Milling cutter uses the ball head milling cutter with radius of profile modeling first class more. The occurrence of numerical control technology provided more effective means for curved surface treatment. Man-hour is added on CNC Milling or machining center, it is to pass ball head milling cutter to pointwise is worth treatment by coordinate and be become. Using machining center to machine the advantage of complex curved surface is: There is knife library on machining center, provide a few cutting tool. The thick, finish machining of curved surface, usable and different cutting tool is right the different curvature radius of sunken curved surface, also can choose appropriate cutting tool. In the meantime, all sorts of auxiliary surfaces can be machined in be installed, wait like aperture, whorl, chamfer. The relative position precision that assured each surface so adequately. Method of non-traditional machining of nextpage8, non-traditional machining is to show distinction machines a method at traditional cutting, benefit chemically, physics (report, sound, smooth, hot, magnetism) or a series of machines a method floorboard that electrochemistry method undertakes machining to workpiece material. These treatment methods include: Chemical treatment (CHM) , electrochemistry is machined (machining of ECM) , electrochemistry (ECMM) , electric spark is machined (EDM) , report contacts treatment (RHM) , ultrasonic is machined (USM) , laser bundle machine (LBM) , ionic bundle treatment (IBM) , electron beam is machined (EBM) , plasma is machined (. Classified principle characteristic and treatment of electric spark of treatment of applied limits electric spark are to use the high temperature frit that place of discharge of scintilla of the instantaneous between tool electrode and workpiece electrode produces data of corrode workpiece surface will realize treatment. Electric spark machines a machine tool to reach working fluid to filter circularly by noumenon of orgnaization of pulse power source, automatic feed, machine tool commonly the partial composition such as the system. Workpiece is fixed go up in machine tool workbench. Pulse power source provides the energy that treatment requires, its are polar receive respectively go up in tool electrode and workpiece. When with workpiece when tool electrode the drive in feed orgnaization falls to be stood by each other in working fluid, extremely voltage puncture clearance and generation scintilla discharge, release much heat. Very high temperature is reached after workpiece surface layer absorbs quantity of heat () of 10000 ℃ above, its are local because material is fused even aerification and be divided to come down by corrode, form a tiny indentation. Working fluid filters circularly the working fluid that the system forces cleanness passes the space between tool electrode and workpiece with constant pressure, remove electric corrode product in time, filter electric corrode child from inside working fluid go out. The result that discharges for many times, workpiece surface produces a large number of indentation. Tool electrode drops ceaselessly below the drive of feed orgnaization, its outline appearance by " duplicate " go up to workpiece (although tool electrode material also can be divided by corrode, but its speed is far be less than workpiece material) . ① machines the conductor of high melting point of hard, fragile, pliable but strong, soft; Material of ② treatment semiconductor and non-conductive n material; ③ is machined all sorts of model aperture, curve aperture and small hole; ④ machines all sorts of stereo curved surface antrum, be like the impression of model of forging die, Die Casting, plastic pattern; ⑤ is used undertake cutting off, cut and undertake exterior aggrandizement, quarter write, the nameplate that print and mark. Electrochemical machining electrochemical machining is to use a metal to produce zincous and deliquescent electrochemistry principle to have a kind of method of form cutting to workpiece in electrolyte. Workpiece receives anode of direct current source, the tool receives negative pole, polar between maintain narrow gap (0.

1mm ～ 0.

8mm) . Have constant pressure (0.

5MPa ～ 2.

The electrolyte of 5MPa) from polar 60m/s) of ～ of 15m/s of the high speed in the clearance between has flowed. When tool cathode to workpiece when ceaseless feed, the workpiece in face anticathode apparently, metallic stuff dissolves ceaselessly by the appearance of cathode face, electroanalysis child is taken away by high speed electrolyte, the figure of tool face is then corresponding the ground " duplicate " go up in workpiece. ① job tension is little, working electric current is big; ② processes a form with simple feed motion complex model face or model antrum; ③ can process difficult treatment data; ④ productivity is taller, the 5 ～ that machine for electric spark about 10 times; Mechanical cutting force or heat in metal cutting are not had in ⑤ treatment, comfortable Yu Yi is out of shape or the treatment of thin wall spare parts; ⑥ machines tolerancepublic errand on average to be able to amount to ± 0.

1mm left and right sides; ⑦ accessory equipment is much, cover an area of an area big, cost is high; ⑧ electrolyte corrodes a machine tool already, pollute an environment easily again. Electrochemical machining basically is used at treatment aperture, model antrum, complex model deep aperture of face, small diameter, rifling and undertake going burr, quarter imprint etc. Laser beam machining is finished by machine of laser beam machining to the laser beam machining of workpiece. Machine of laser beam machining is mixed by laser, power source, optical system normally the composition such as mechanical system. Laser (have solid laser and aeriform laser commonly usedly) it is electric energy change light energy, the laser that generation needs bundle, after focusing of classics optics system, illuminate undertakes machining on workpiece. Workpiece is fixed go up in workbench of 3 coordinate nicety, by control of numerical control system and drive, the feed that the treatment that finish needs moves. ① does not need to machine a tool; The power density that ② stimulates beam of light is very high, can machine to the metal of any difficult treatment and metalloid material almost; Dispute of ③ laser beam machining contacts treatment, workpiece is not had suffer force to be out of shape; The rate of ④ laser stiletto, cut is very high, the material all round treatment place suffers the effect of heat in metal cutting scarcely, workpiece heat is out of shape very small. Of ⑤ Laser Cutting cut seam narrow, cut brim quality is good. Laser beam machining pulls air cooling of type of filar model, horological lapidary bearing, diverge extensively already to rush with Yu Jingang stone piece lamina of engine of chew of fuel injection of poriferous envelope, engine, aviation alveolus is machined and the cut of material and metalloid material machines a variety of metals. Treatment of ultrasonic treatment ultrasonic is to use ultrasonic frequency (the tool end panel of vibration of 16KHz ～ 25KHz) pounds the suspension abrasive in working fluid, by grind bead to be bumped to workpiece surface cast grind a kind of method that will come true to be machined to workpiece. Supersonic generator is change of electric energy of labour frequency communication the oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report that has certain power output, this ultrasonic frequency through transducer electric oscillation change is supersonic and mechanical vibration, have the aid of enlarges a club at amplitude the displacement amplitude vibration by 0.

005mm ～ 0.

01mm magnifies 0.

01 ～ 0.

15mm, drive tool is oscillatory. Tool end panel pounds the in suspension in working fluid to wear bead in vibration, make its with very old rate, bump ceaselessly, cast grind by treatment surface, the blow after smashing the data that processes area into very fine particle comes down. The material that although be hit every time,comes down is very few, but the frequency as a result of blow is tall, still have fixed treatment rate. Because the loop of working fluid flows, the material particle that is come down by blow is taken away in time. As the tool extend gradually, its appearance " duplicate " go up in workpiece. When processing difficult cutting data, often cooperate supersonic vibration and other treatment method to have compound treatment, wait like cut of supersonic turning, supersonic grinding, supersonic electrochemical machining, supersonic line. These compound treatment methods plant two kinds at most very treatment method is united in wedlock together, can have the effect that learn from others's strong points to offset one's weakness, the exterior quality that makes process precision of efficiency, treatment and work rises significantly. 9, the method of option option treatment that machines a method basically considers requirement of surface roughness of precision of figure of spare parts face, dimension and positional precision requirement, surface, and the element such as the resource circumstance such as existing machine tool, cutting tool, production lot, productivity and economic technology analysis. CNC Milling CNC Machining